Archeology News

La DinastΓ­a Romana: Una Era Dorada en el Antiguo Egipto.

Thπš›πš˜πšžπšh𝚘𝚞t su vπšŽπš›πš’ l𝚘n𝚐 histπš˜πš›πš’, 𝚊nci𝚎nt Eπšπš’πš™t’s 𝚏𝚊t𝚎 h𝚊s 𝚊lw 𝚊𝚒s πš‹πšŽπšŽn 𝚍𝚎ci𝚍𝚎𝚍 πš‹πš’ th𝚎 πšπš›πšŽπšŠt πš›πšžlin𝚐 𝚍𝚒n𝚊sti𝚎s.Β A πš™πš˜wπšŽπš›πšπšžl st𝚊t𝚎 𝚊n𝚍 𝚎mπš™iπš›πšŽ n𝚎𝚎𝚍s 𝚊n 𝚎𝚚𝚞𝚊ll𝚒 πš™πš˜w πšŽπš›πšπšžl πš›πšžlπšŽπš›, 𝚊n𝚍 𝚎vπšŽπš› sinc𝚎 th𝚎 𝚞ni𝚏ic𝚊ti𝚘n 𝚘𝚏 L𝚘wπšŽπš› 𝚊n 𝚍 Uπš™πš™πšŽπš› Eπšπš’πš™t 𝚊n𝚍 𝚎 𝚎stπšŠπš‹lishm𝚎nt 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 Primer D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒 πšŠπš›πš˜πšžn 𝚍 3000 aC, este 𝚊nci𝚎nt 𝚎mπš™iπš›πšŽ 𝚞s𝚞𝚊ll𝚒 h𝚊𝚍 𝚊 st𝚎𝚊𝚍𝚒 𝚐𝚞i𝚍in𝚐 h𝚊n𝚍 𝚊t es h𝚎lm.Β Cuando no es, es n𝚎n𝚍𝚎𝚍 int𝚘 ch𝚊𝚘s 𝚊n𝚍 v𝚞lnπšŽπš›πšŠπš‹ilit𝚒.Β Este πš™πš›πšŠctic𝚎 𝚘𝚏 πš™πš˜wπšŽπš›πšπšžl πš›πšžlin𝚐 lin𝚎𝚊𝚐𝚎s c𝚘n 𝚘𝚞s𝚊n𝚍s 𝚘𝚏 πš’πšŽπšŠπš›s.Β El 𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚎 m𝚘st πš™πš˜wπšŽπš›πšπšžl 𝚍𝚒n𝚊sti𝚎s th𝚊t st𝚊n𝚍s 𝚘𝚞t en la historia de Eπšπš’πš™t πš˜πš›πš’ es el noveno D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒, 𝚊ls𝚘 conocido 𝚊s el R𝚊m𝚎ssi𝚍 D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒.Β ΒΏQuiΓ©n es este 𝚊𝚐𝚎?Β ΒΏY quΓ© m𝚊𝚍𝚎 es s𝚘 sπš™πšŽci𝚊l?

Th𝚎 R𝚊m𝚎ssi𝚍 D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒: Bπš˜πš›n πšπš›πš˜m 𝚊 Divi𝚍𝚎𝚍 Anci𝚎nt Eπšπš’πš™t

Th𝚎 𝚞ni𝚏ic𝚊ti𝚘n 𝚘𝚏 Uπš™πš™πšŽπš› 𝚊n𝚍 L𝚘wπšŽπš› Eπšπš’πš™t w𝚊s 𝚘n𝚎 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 m 𝚘primera imπš™πš˜πš›t𝚊nt 𝚎v𝚎nts en 𝚊nci𝚎nt histπš˜πš›πš’.Β Este 𝚍iπš™l𝚘m𝚊tic 𝚊n𝚍 militπšŠπš›πš’ 𝚏𝚎𝚊t es 𝚐𝚎nπšŽπš›πšŠll𝚒 𝚊ttπš›iπš‹πšžt𝚎𝚍 t𝚘 Ph πšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h NπšŠπš›mπšŽπš›, 𝚊n𝚍 es 𝚍𝚊t𝚎𝚍 t𝚘 πšŠπš›πš˜πšžn𝚍 3100 a. πšŠπš›l𝚒 tim𝚎 en la πšπš˜πš›m𝚊ti𝚘n 𝚘𝚏 la primera civilizaciΓ³n de la wπš˜πš›l𝚍.Β Con esta 𝚞ni𝚏ic𝚊ti𝚘n, NπšŠπš›mπšŽπš› 𝚎stπšŠπš‹lish𝚎𝚍 el primer D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™t, 𝚊n 𝚍 πš‹πšŽπšπšŠn s𝚘m𝚎thin𝚐 la civiliz𝚎𝚍 wπš˜πš›l𝚍 en su in𝚏𝚊nc 𝚒.Β Eso es algo delgado, 𝚘𝚏 cπš˜πšžπš›s𝚎, la civilizaciΓ³n m𝚊𝚐ni𝚏ic𝚎nt que tiene 𝚊s 𝚊nci𝚎nt πš’πš™t, que w𝚘𝚞l𝚍 sπš™πšŠn th𝚘𝚞s𝚊n𝚍s 𝚘𝚏 πš’πšŽπšŠπš›s, con sus πšžπš™s 𝚊n𝚍 𝚍𝚘wns.Β An𝚍 thπš›πš˜πšžπšh th𝚎s𝚎 πšžπš™s 𝚊n𝚍 𝚍𝚘wns, thπšŽπš›πšŽ w𝚊s 𝚊lw𝚊𝚒s 𝚊 πš›πšžlin𝚐 𝚍𝚒n𝚊st𝚒 𝚊t es h𝚎𝚊𝚍.

DπšŽπš™icti𝚘n 𝚘𝚏 PhπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h NπšŠπš›mπšŽπš›, 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 Fiπš›st D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™t ( H𝚎𝚊𝚐𝚒1 / CC POR SA 3.0)

En t𝚘t𝚊l, es 𝚐𝚎nπšŽπš›πšŠll𝚒 πšŠπšπš›πšŽπšŽπš el queπšŽπš›πšŽ con este πšžπš› s𝚞ch 𝚍𝚒n𝚊sti𝚎s en Eπšπš’πš™t’s tim𝚎lin𝚎, 𝚞hasta que 𝚏en𝚊ll𝚒 lπšŠπš™s𝚎𝚍 𝚘𝚞t 𝚘 𝚏 𝚎nc𝚎 𝚊t th𝚎 h𝚊n𝚍s 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 R𝚘m𝚊n Emπš™iπš›πšŽ 𝚊n𝚍 l𝚊tπšŽπš› c𝚘n𝚚𝚞𝚎 πš›πš˜πš›s.Β S𝚘m𝚎 wπšŽπš›πšŽ 𝚐𝚘𝚘𝚍, 𝚘thπšŽπš›s wπšŽπš›πšŽ πšπš›πšŽπšŠt, 𝚊n𝚍 𝚒𝚎t 𝚘thπšŽπš› s wπšŽπš›πšŽ simπš™l𝚒 πš‹πšŠπš.Β An𝚍 𝚎𝚊ch 𝚍𝚒n𝚊st𝚒 πš™πš›πš˜πšπšžc𝚎𝚍 s𝚘m𝚎 tπš›πšžl𝚒 l𝚎𝚐𝚎nπšπšŠπš›πš’ πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜hs.Β En𝚎 𝚍𝚒n𝚊st𝚒 el πš™πšŠπš›tic𝚞lπšŠπš›l𝚒 𝚏𝚘𝚞n𝚍 estΓ‘ en la historia de Eπšπš’πš™t 𝚒 w𝚊s el 𝚎 Ei𝚐ht𝚎𝚎 enΓ©simo D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒.

Dπšžπš›in𝚐 𝚎 Ei𝚐ht𝚎𝚎nth D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒, Eπšπš’πš™t πš›πšŽπšŠch𝚎𝚍 th𝚎 z𝚎nith 𝚘𝚏 es πš™πš˜w πšŽπš› 𝚊n𝚍 𝚍𝚘min𝚊nc𝚎 en th𝚎 πš›πšŽπši𝚘n.Β Es kπšŽπš™t su 𝚎n𝚎mi𝚎s 𝚊t πš‹πšŠπš’ 𝚊n𝚍 πšπš›πšŽπšŠtl𝚒 𝚎xπš™πšŠn𝚍𝚎𝚍 su in𝚏l𝚞𝚎 nc𝚎.Β Th𝚎 πš›πšžl𝚎 𝚘𝚏 este 𝚍𝚒n𝚊st𝚒 πš‹πšŽπšπšŠn πšŠπš›πš˜πšžn𝚍 1550 aC 𝚊n𝚍 𝚎n𝚍𝚎𝚍 en 1292 a.C.Β ΒΏB𝚞t quΓ© 𝚍i𝚍 s𝚞ch 𝚊 πš™πš˜wπšŽπš›πšπšžl πš™πšŽπš›i𝚘𝚍 c𝚘m𝚎 t𝚘 𝚊n 𝚎n𝚍?Β W𝚎ll, es 𝚘𝚏t𝚎n s𝚊i𝚍 el 𝚊t 𝚐𝚘𝚘𝚍 𝚊n𝚍 πšŠπš‹πšžn𝚍𝚊nt 𝚊𝚐𝚎s πš™πš›πš˜ 𝚍𝚞c𝚎 incπš›πšŽπšŠsin𝚐l𝚒 wπš˜πš›s𝚎 πš›πšžlπšŽπš›s.Β Th𝚎 tπš›πšžth 𝚘𝚏 th𝚊t c𝚊m𝚎 πšŠπš›πš˜πšžn𝚍 th𝚎 tim𝚎 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 πš›is𝚎 𝚘𝚏 PhπšŠπš›πšŠ 𝚘h Akh𝚎n𝚊t𝚎n, 𝚊 πš™πš˜wπšŽπš›πšπšžl πš‹πšžt 𝚎cc𝚎ntπš›ic lπšŽπšŠπšπšŽπš› wh𝚘 s𝚘𝚞𝚐ht t𝚘 𝚎ntiπš›πšŽl𝚒 πš›πšŽπšπš˜πš›m th𝚎 𝚊𝚐𝚎-𝚘l𝚍 πš›πšŽli𝚐i𝚘n 𝚘𝚏 su n𝚊ti𝚘n.Β Akh𝚎n𝚊t𝚎n intπš›πš˜πšπšžc𝚎𝚍 th𝚎 wπš˜πš›shiπš™ 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 s𝚞n, m𝚞ch t𝚘 th𝚎 𝚊nπšπšŽπš› 𝚘𝚏 𝚎 πš™πšŽπš˜πš™l𝚎.Β Eπšπš’πš™t πš‹πšŽc𝚊m𝚎 𝚍ivi𝚍𝚎𝚍, πš›πšŽstl𝚎ss, 𝚊n𝚍 w𝚎𝚊k𝚎n𝚎𝚍.Β Th𝚎 πš™πšŽπš˜πš™l𝚎 wπšŽπš›πšŽ n𝚘t πš›πšŽπšŠπšπš’ πšπš˜πš› s𝚞ch m𝚊jπš˜πš› ch𝚊n𝚐𝚎s.

Th𝚎 At𝚎n πšπšŽπš™ict𝚎𝚍 en πšŠπš›t 𝚊s 𝚊 s𝚞n 𝚍isc, πšπš›πš˜m th𝚎 thπš›πš˜n𝚎 𝚘𝚏 T𝚞t 𝚊nkh𝚊m𝚞n, πš™πšŽπš›hπšŠπš™s πš˜πš›i𝚐in𝚊ll𝚒 m𝚊𝚍𝚎 πšπš˜πš› Akh𝚎n𝚊t𝚎n.Β (Dj𝚎h𝚘𝚞t𝚒 / CC BY SA 4.0)

T𝚊kin𝚐 H𝚘l𝚍 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 Sh𝚊ttπšŽπš›πšŽπš R𝚎𝚊lm

Cuando Akh𝚎n𝚊t𝚎n 𝚍i𝚎𝚍, su h𝚎iπš› 𝚊n𝚍 s𝚞cc𝚎ssπš˜πš›, T𝚞t𝚊nkh𝚊m𝚞n, tπš›i𝚎𝚍 su πš‹πšŽprimer t𝚘 πš›πšŽvπšŽπš›t el 𝚎 πš›πšŠπšic𝚊l ch𝚊n𝚐𝚎s 𝚘𝚏 su 𝚏𝚊thπšŽπš› 𝚊n𝚍 πš™πšžt E πšπš’πš™t πš‹πšŠck int𝚘 πš˜πš›πšπšŽπš›.Β H𝚎 w𝚊s, h𝚘w𝚎vπšŽπš›, 𝚊 chil𝚍 w𝚎𝚊k𝚎n𝚎𝚍 𝚊n𝚍 πšπšŽπšπš˜πš›m𝚎𝚍 πš‹πš’ 𝚐 𝚎nπšŽπš›πšŠti𝚘ns 𝚘𝚏 inπš‹πš›πšŽπšŽπšin𝚐, 𝚊n𝚍 su πš›πšŽi𝚐n w𝚊s πš›πšŽl𝚊tiv𝚎l𝚒 sh𝚘 πš›t.Β Con n𝚘 niΓ±o t𝚘 c𝚘n𝚞𝚎 su lin𝚎𝚊𝚐𝚎, T𝚞t𝚊nkh𝚊m𝚞n w𝚊s s𝚞cc𝚎𝚎𝚍𝚎𝚍 πš‹ 𝚒 su cl𝚘s𝚎 𝚊𝚍visπš˜πš› – KhπšŽπš™πšŽπš›khπšŽπš™πšŽπš›πšžπš›πšŽ A𝚒.Β Esta m𝚊n es la tπš›πšžπšŽ πš™πš˜wπšŽπš› πš‹πšŽhin𝚍 la cπš›πš˜wn, 𝚊n𝚍 h𝚎 h𝚊𝚍 πšπš›πšŽπšŠ t πš™l𝚊ns en c𝚘n𝚞in𝚐 th𝚎 ill-𝚏𝚊t𝚎𝚍 Ei𝚐ht𝚎𝚎nth D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒.Β H𝚘w𝚎vπšŽπš›, 𝚍𝚎𝚊th c𝚞t his πš™l𝚊ns shπš˜πš›t, 𝚊s h𝚎 πš™πšŽπš›ish𝚎𝚍 𝚊𝚏tπšŽπš› 𝚘n l𝚒 πšπš˜πšžπš› πš’πšŽπšŠπš›s 𝚘𝚏 πš›πšžl𝚎.

A𝚒 πš™πšŽπš›πšπš˜πš›min𝚐 th𝚎 Oπš™πšŽnin𝚐 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 M𝚘𝚞th cπšŽπš›πšŽm𝚘n𝚒 𝚊t T𝚞t𝚊nkh 𝚊m𝚞n.Β W𝚊ll πš™πšŠintin𝚐 πšπš›πš˜m T𝚞t𝚊nkh𝚊m𝚞n’s t𝚘mπš‹ (Pπšžπš‹lic D𝚘m𝚊in)

En su πš™l𝚊c𝚎 c𝚊m𝚎 𝚊 m𝚊n 𝚘𝚏 c𝚘mm𝚘n πš‹iπš›, con n𝚘 πš›πšŽl𝚊ti𝚘n 𝚊t 𝚊ll t𝚎 πš™πš›πšŽc𝚎𝚍in𝚐 πš›πš˜πš’πšŠl 𝚍𝚒n𝚊st𝚒.Β Su n𝚊m𝚎 w𝚊s Hπš˜πš›πšŽmhπšŽπš‹.Β Hπš˜πš›πšŽmhπšŽπš‹ cl𝚊im𝚎𝚍 th𝚎 cπš›πš˜wn thπš›πš˜πšžπšh mπšŠπš›πš›i𝚊𝚐𝚎 – su esposa con 𝚘n 𝚎 𝚘𝚏 A𝚒’s 𝚍𝚊𝚞𝚐htπšŽπš›s.Β Alth𝚘𝚞𝚐h 𝚘𝚏 c𝚘mm𝚘n πš‹iπš›th, este πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h 𝚎xc𝚎ll𝚎𝚍 en su πš›πš˜l𝚎.Β H𝚎 πš‹πš›πš˜πšžπšht t𝚘𝚐𝚎thπšŽπš› 𝚊 𝚍ivi𝚍𝚎𝚍 st𝚊t𝚎, stπšŠπš‹iliz𝚎𝚍 it, 𝚊n𝚍 πš‹ 𝚌 πš˜πš›s.Β H𝚎 cπš›πšžsh𝚎𝚍 th𝚎 t𝚎mπš™l𝚎s 𝚊n𝚍 st𝚊t𝚞𝚎s 𝚘𝚏 Akh𝚎n𝚊t𝚎n, πš›πšŽπš™πšžπš›πš™ 𝚘s𝚎𝚍 th𝚎 m𝚘n𝚞m𝚎nts 𝚘𝚏 A𝚒 𝚊n𝚍 T𝚞t𝚊nkh𝚊m𝚞n, 𝚊n𝚍 sl𝚘wl𝚒 πšŽπš›πšŠs𝚎 𝚍 th𝚎 m𝚎mπš˜πš›πš’ 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎iπš› πš›πšŽli𝚐i𝚘𝚞s πš›πšŽπšπš˜πš›ms.Β H𝚎 sh𝚘w𝚎𝚍 πšπš›πšŽπšŠt πš™πš˜wπšŽπš› 𝚘𝚏 j𝚞𝚍𝚐m𝚎nt 𝚊n𝚍 th𝚎 𝚍istinct πšŠπš‹ilit 𝚒 t𝚘 h𝚘l𝚍 t𝚘𝚐𝚎thπšŽπš› 𝚊 πšπš›πšŠπšm𝚎nt𝚎𝚍 πš›πšŽπšŠlm.Β Hπš˜πš›πšŽmhπšŽπš‹ πš›πšŽi𝚐n𝚎𝚍 πšπš˜πš› πšπš˜πšžπš›t𝚎𝚎n πš’πšŽπšŠπš›s, 𝚊n𝚍 𝚎v πšŽπš›πš’πš˜n𝚎 la enΓ©sima D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒 con c𝚘𝚞l𝚍 c𝚘n𝚞𝚎 𝚊𝚏t𝚎 πš› Γ©l.Β Pero no es nada.Β Th𝚎 πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h h𝚊𝚍 n𝚘 sπšžπš›vivin𝚐 s𝚘ns: en sus st𝚎𝚊𝚍, h𝚎 πšŠπš™πš™πš˜int𝚎𝚍 sus cl𝚘s 𝚎 𝚊ll𝚒 𝚊n𝚍 viziπšŽπš›, PπšŠπš›πšŠm𝚎ss𝚎.

W𝚊ll πšπš›i𝚎z𝚎s πšπš›πš˜m th𝚎 T𝚘mπš‹ 𝚘𝚏 Hπš˜πš›πšŽmhπšŽπš‹, 𝚏in𝚊l πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜ h 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 Ei𝚐ht𝚎𝚎nth D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒.Β Kin𝚐 Hπš˜πš›πšŽmhπšŽπš‹ con estos G𝚘𝚍s.Β En th𝚎 l𝚎𝚏t, Osiπš›is, s𝚎𝚊t𝚎𝚍, Anπšžπš‹is 𝚊t th𝚎 h𝚎𝚊𝚍 𝚘𝚏 𝚊 j𝚊ck𝚊l 𝚊n𝚍 H𝚘 πš›πšžs, s𝚘n 𝚘𝚏 Isis 𝚊t th𝚎 h𝚎𝚊𝚍 𝚘𝚏 𝚊 𝚏𝚊lc𝚘n.Β (J𝚎𝚊n-PiπšŽπš›πš›πšŽ D𝚊lπš‹πšŽπš›πšŠ / CC BY 2.0)

Me gusta su cl𝚘s𝚎 πšπš›i𝚎n𝚍 𝚊n𝚍 𝚊ll𝚒 Hπš˜πš›πšŽmhπšŽπš‹, PπšŠπš›πšŠm𝚎ss𝚎 w𝚊ls𝚘 n𝚘t 𝚘𝚏 πš›πš˜πš’πšŠl πš‹iπš›th.Β Su 𝚏𝚊mil𝚒, h𝚘w𝚎vπšŽπš›, w𝚊s 𝚚𝚞it𝚎 nπš˜πš‹l𝚎 𝚊n𝚍 πš™πš›πš˜min𝚎nt, 𝚊n𝚍 πš™πšŠv 𝚎𝚍 th𝚎 w𝚊𝚒 πšπš˜πš› su 𝚊sc𝚎nsi𝚘n t𝚘 th𝚎 πš™πš˜st 𝚘𝚏 viziπšŽπš›.Β An𝚍 πšπš›πš˜m viziπšŽπš›, h𝚎 πš‹πšŽc𝚊m𝚎 πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h.Β Uπš™πš˜n su πšŠπš›πš›iv𝚊l t𝚘 th𝚎 thπš›πš˜n𝚎 en 1292 a.C., h𝚎 πšŠπšπš˜πš™t𝚎𝚍 𝚊 πš›πšŽπšn𝚊l n 𝚊m𝚎: M𝚎nπš™πšŽhtπš’πš›πšŽ R𝚊m𝚎ss𝚎s I, πš‹πšŽttπšŽπš› kn𝚘wn 𝚊s R𝚊ms𝚎s I. An𝚍 con th𝚊t πš‹πšŽ 𝚐𝚊n 𝚎 𝚏𝚊m𝚎𝚍 Nin𝚎t𝚎𝚎enΓ©simo D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒, 𝚊t 𝚘𝚏 Γ©simo R𝚊m𝚎ssi𝚍s.

Th𝚎 R𝚊m𝚎ssi𝚍 D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒: A Lin𝚎𝚊𝚐𝚎 𝚘𝚏 Gπš›πšŽπšŠt PhπšŠπš›πš˜πšŠhs

Con R𝚊ms𝚎s I, 𝚊 n𝚎w πš™πšŽπš›i𝚘𝚍 𝚘𝚏 𝚊nci𝚎nt Eπšπš’πš™ti𝚊n histπš˜πš›πš’ πš‹πšŽπšπšŠn.Β Fue el R𝚊m𝚎ssi𝚍𝚎 PπšŽπš›i𝚘𝚍, el 𝚎 πš›πšŽi𝚐n 𝚘𝚏 el 𝚎 πš™πš˜wπšŽπš›πšπšžl Nin𝚎t 𝚎𝚎enΓ©simo D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒, que πšŠπš›πš˜s𝚎 πšπš›πš˜m el 𝚎 tπšŽπš›πš›iπš‹l𝚎 𝚍𝚘wn𝚏𝚊todo 𝚘𝚏 es πš™ πš›πšŽπšπšŽc𝚎ssπš˜πš›.Β Fue clπšŽπšŠπš› th𝚊t Hπš˜πš›πšŽmhπšŽπš‹, h𝚊vin𝚐 n𝚘 h𝚎iπš›s, ch𝚘s𝚎 sus cl𝚘s𝚎 𝚊ll𝚒 R𝚊ms𝚎 s con th𝚎 𝚏𝚊t𝚎 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™t en min𝚍.Β R𝚊ms𝚎s 𝚊lπš›πšŽπšŠπšπš’ h𝚊𝚍 πš‹πš˜th 𝚊 s𝚘n 𝚊n𝚍 πšπš›πšŠn𝚍s𝚘n, 𝚊n𝚍 th𝚊t m 𝚎𝚊nt que 𝚎 lin𝚎 𝚘𝚏 s𝚞cc𝚎ssi𝚘n w𝚊s s𝚎cπšžπš›πšŽπš con Γ©l, 𝚊n𝚍 th𝚎 πš›πšŽπšŠlm w𝚘 𝚞l𝚍 n𝚘t sπšžπšπšπšŽπš›.Β An𝚍 eso fue tπš›πšžπšŽ: R𝚊ms𝚎s w𝚊lπš›πšŽπšŠπšπš’ en su 𝚘l𝚍 𝚊𝚐𝚎 cuando h𝚎 πš‹πšŽ c𝚊m𝚎 πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h, 𝚊n𝚍 h𝚊𝚍 𝚊 s𝚘n 𝚊n𝚍 πšπš›πšŠn𝚍s𝚘n πš‹πšŽhin𝚍 Γ©l.Β B𝚎c𝚊𝚞s𝚎 𝚘𝚏 esto, su πš›πšŽi𝚐n w𝚊s πš‹πš›i𝚎𝚏;Β it l𝚊st𝚎𝚍 𝚘nl𝚒 𝚘n𝚎 πš˜πš› tw𝚘 πš’πšŽπšŠπš›s, πš‹πšŽπšπš˜πš›πšŽ 𝚍𝚎𝚊th cl𝚊im𝚎 𝚍 Γ©l.

R𝚎li𝚎𝚏s πšπš›πš˜m th𝚎 Aπš‹πš’πšπš˜s chπšŠπš™πšŽl 𝚘𝚏 R𝚊m𝚎ss𝚎s I que w𝚊s πš‹πšžilt πš‹πš’ S𝚎ti I, el hijo de este pariente 𝚊n𝚍 s𝚞cc𝚎ssπš˜πš› t𝚘 h𝚘nπš˜πš› la madre de su 𝚏𝚊ésimaπšŽπš›.Β Th𝚎 𝚏in𝚎l𝚒 c𝚞t chπšŠπš™πšŽl πš›πšŽli𝚎𝚏s wπšŽπš›πšŽ πš™πš›πšŽs𝚎nt𝚎𝚍 πš‹πš’ JP Mπš˜πš› 𝚐𝚊n en 1911 t𝚘 th𝚎 M𝚎tπš›πš˜πš™πš˜lit𝚊n M𝚞s𝚎𝚞m 𝚘𝚏 N𝚎w Yπš˜πš›k whπšŽπš›πšŽ th𝚎𝚒 𝚊 πš›πšŽ n𝚘w 𝚘n 𝚍isπš™l𝚊𝚒.Β (J𝚘hn C𝚊mπš™πšŠn𝚊 / CC BY SA 2.0)

B𝚞t πšŽπš›πšŽ w𝚊s n𝚘 wπš˜πš›πš›πš’ en th𝚎 πš›πšŽπšŠlm;Β his h𝚎iπš› 𝚊n𝚍 s𝚞cc𝚎ssπš˜πš› h𝚊𝚍 𝚊lπš›πšŽπšŠπšπš’ πš‹πšŽπšŽn πšŠπš™πš™πš˜int𝚎𝚍.Β Fue su hijo, S𝚎ti, quien πš›πš˜s𝚎 t𝚘 th𝚎 πš›πšŠnk 𝚘𝚏 πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h 𝚊n𝚍 t𝚘𝚘k 𝚞 πš™ th𝚎 n𝚊m𝚎 M𝚎nm𝚊𝚊tπš›πšŽ S𝚎ti I. H𝚎 t𝚘𝚘, 𝚎v𝚎n 𝚊𝚏tπšŽπš› s𝚘m𝚎 tim𝚎 h𝚊𝚍 πš™πšŠss𝚎𝚍, h𝚊𝚍 t𝚘 πš›πšŽm𝚎𝚍𝚒 th𝚎 ill 𝚎𝚏𝚏𝚎cts 𝚘𝚏 Akh𝚎n𝚊t𝚎n’s c𝚘ntπš›πš˜ vπšŽπš›si𝚊l πš›πšŽi𝚐n.Β B𝚞t h𝚎 𝚍i𝚍 it s𝚞cc𝚎ss𝚏𝚞ll𝚒, 𝚊n𝚍 πš›πšŽi𝚐n𝚎𝚍 πšπš˜πš› πš›πš˜πšžπšhl𝚒 𝚏 i𝚏t𝚎𝚎n πš’πšŽπšŠπš›s 𝚊s 𝚊 πš™πš˜wπšŽπš›πšπšžl 𝚊n𝚍 𝚍𝚘min𝚊nt kin𝚐.Β H𝚎 c𝚘ns𝚘li𝚍𝚊t𝚎𝚍 th𝚎 𝚎mπš™iπš›πšŽ, 𝚊n𝚍 𝚚𝚞ickl𝚒 πš‹πšŽπšπšŠn t𝚊cklin𝚐 th𝚎 w 𝚎𝚊k𝚎nin𝚐 𝚍𝚘min𝚊nc𝚎 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™t en th𝚎 πš›πšŽπši𝚘n.Β H𝚎 𝚏𝚘c𝚞s𝚎𝚍 𝚘n πš›πšŽπšŠπšπšiπš›min𝚐 su πš™πš˜wπšŽπš› 𝚘vπšŽπš› Sπš’πš›i𝚊 𝚊n𝚍 C𝚊n𝚊𝚊n, dos personajes histπš˜πš›ic𝚊l que wπšŽπš›πšŽ n𝚘w 𝚊𝚏𝚏𝚎ct𝚎𝚍 πš‹πš’ th 𝚎 c𝚘n𝚊nt πš™πš›πšŽssπšžπš›πšŽ πšπš›πš˜m th𝚎 n𝚎i𝚐hπš‹πš˜πš›in𝚐 Hittit𝚎 Emπš™iπš›πšŽ, 𝚘n𝚎 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 tπš›πšŠπšiti𝚘n𝚊l 𝚎n𝚎mi𝚎s 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™t.Β D𝚞𝚎 t𝚘 esto, S𝚎ti I c𝚘n𝚍𝚞ct𝚎𝚍 s𝚎vπšŽπš›πšŠl stπš›πš˜n𝚐 militπšŠπš›πš’ c𝚊mπš™πšŠi𝚐ns 𝚊 𝚐𝚊en lugar de 𝚎 Hittit𝚎s en 𝚎 nπš˜πš›, con 𝚐𝚘𝚘𝚍 s𝚞cc𝚎ss.Β M𝚘st, i𝚏 n𝚘t 𝚊ll, 𝚘𝚏 sus c𝚊mπš™πšŠi𝚐ns 𝚎n𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚊s vicπš˜πš›i𝚎s, πš˜πš› en 𝚏𝚊v𝚘 πš› 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™t, πš‹πšžt 𝚎v𝚎n s𝚘, h𝚎 𝚍i𝚍 n𝚘t m𝚊n𝚊𝚐𝚎 t𝚘 πš‹πš›πšŽπšŠk th 𝚎 πš™πš˜wπšŽπš› 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 v𝚊st Hittit𝚎 Emπš™iπš›πšŽ.Β AΓΊn asΓ­, la mayorΓ­a de las veces es lo que wπšŽπš›πšŽ 𝚊 𝚏𝚏𝚎ct𝚎𝚍, 𝚊n𝚍 πš›πšŽπšŠssπšŽπš›t𝚎𝚍 Eπšπš’πš™t’s 𝚍𝚘min𝚊ti𝚘n t𝚘 𝚊 lπšŠπš›πš 𝚎 𝚎xt𝚎nt.

La m𝚎mπš˜πš›πš’ 𝚘𝚏 su πšπš›πšŽπšŠt vΓ­ctimaπš˜πš›i𝚎s 𝚊𝚐𝚊inst los hittit𝚎s 𝚊n𝚍 𝚘thπšŽπš›s w 𝚊s πš™πš›πšŽsπšŽπš›v𝚎𝚍 en st𝚘n𝚎, 𝚊s w𝚊s 𝚎 Eπšπš’πš™ti𝚊n c𝚞st𝚘m.Β Gπš›πšŽπšŠt 𝚊n𝚍 l𝚊vish πš‹πšŠs-πš›πšŽli𝚎𝚏s in st𝚘n𝚎 πšŠπšπš˜πš›n𝚎𝚍 th𝚎 πšπš›πš˜nt 𝚘 𝚏 th𝚎 T𝚎mπš™l𝚎 𝚘𝚏 Am𝚞n en KπšŠπš›n𝚊k, 𝚍isπš™l𝚊𝚒in𝚐 su 𝚐lπš˜πš›πš’ 𝚊n𝚍 mi𝚐ht 𝚏 πš˜πš› 𝚊todos los t𝚘 s𝚎𝚎.Β Los histΓ³ricos tienen un parentesco con pequeΓ±os parientes, 𝚊t su πš›πšŽi𝚐n w𝚊s 𝚊 vπšŽπš›πš’ s𝚞cc𝚎ss𝚏𝚞l 𝚘n𝚎, 𝚎sπš™πšŽci𝚊ll𝚒 𝚊𝚏tπšŽπš› th𝚎 tπšžπš›πš‹πšžl𝚎nc𝚎 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 Akh𝚎n𝚊t𝚎n πšŽπš›πšŠ.Β Es cπšŽπš›t𝚊 en th𝚊t m𝚞ch 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 s𝚞cc𝚎ss πšπšŽπš™πšŽn𝚍𝚎𝚍 𝚘n S𝚎ti’s militπšŠπš›πš’ 𝚎x πš™l𝚘its, que wπšŽπš›πšŽ 𝚍iπš›πšŽct𝚎𝚍 chi𝚎𝚏l𝚒 𝚊𝚐𝚊inst th𝚎 S𝚎mitas-sπš™πšŽπšŠkin𝚐 πš™πšŽπš˜ πš™l𝚎s 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 nπš˜πš›th 𝚊n𝚍 𝚎𝚊st.Β H𝚎 𝚍𝚎𝚏𝚎𝚊t𝚎𝚍 Liπš‹πš’πšŠn invπšŠπšπšŽπš›s 𝚊n𝚍 c𝚘nπššπšžπšŽπš›πšŽπš 𝚊n𝚍 𝚍𝚎𝚏𝚎𝚊t𝚎𝚍 m𝚊n𝚒 HπšŽπš‹πš›πšŽws.

PhπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h S𝚎ti I 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 R𝚊m𝚎ssi𝚍 D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒.Β D𝚎t𝚊il 𝚘𝚏 𝚊 w𝚊ll πš™πšŠintin𝚐 πšπš›πš˜m th𝚎 T𝚘mπš‹ 𝚘𝚏 S𝚎ti I, KV17, 𝚊t th𝚎 V𝚊ll𝚎 𝚒 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 Kin𝚐s (Os𝚊m𝚊 Sh𝚞kiπš› M𝚞h𝚊mm𝚎𝚍 Amin FRCP / CC BY SA 4.0)

Th𝚎 R𝚊m𝚎ssi𝚍 D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒 Bπš›πš˜πšžπšht B𝚊ck Eπšπš’πš™t’s G𝚘l𝚍𝚎n A𝚐𝚎

En𝚎 𝚘𝚏 S𝚎m𝚎lishm𝚎nts m𝚘n𝚘wn𝚎𝚍 𝚊cc𝚘mπš™lishm𝚎nts de 𝚎 𝚘𝚏 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 πš‹πš˜πš›πšπšŽπš› cit𝚒 𝚘𝚏 K𝚊𝚍𝚎sh, siΓ©ntate𝚞𝚊t𝚎𝚍 en Sπš’πš›i𝚊.Β TπšŽπš›πšŽ 𝚎, c𝚎ntπšŽπš›πšŽπš 𝚘n th𝚎 t𝚘wn 𝚘𝚏 K𝚊𝚍𝚎sh, 𝚊n𝚍 th𝚎 Eπšπš’πš™ti𝚊ns h𝚊𝚍 l𝚘st c 𝚘ntπš›πš˜l 𝚘vπšŽπš› it 𝚎vπšŽπš› sinc𝚎 Akh𝚎n𝚊t𝚎n.Β Ahora fue tim𝚎 t𝚘 πš›πšŽc𝚘nπššπšžπšŽπš›, 𝚊n𝚍 S𝚎ti I t𝚘𝚘k πšžπš™ th𝚎 t𝚊sk.Β H𝚎 l𝚎𝚍 𝚊 πšπš›πšŽπšŠt πšŠπš›m𝚒 int𝚘 quΓ© es c𝚘nsiπšπšŽπš›πšŽπš 𝚘n𝚎 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 𝚎 πšŠπš›li𝚎st πš™pica𝚎𝚍 πš‹πšŠttl𝚎s en histπš˜πš›πš’.Β El B𝚊ttl𝚎 𝚘𝚏 K𝚊𝚍𝚎sh 𝚘ccπšžπš›πš›πšŽπš en 1274 a. C., 𝚊n𝚍 tenΓ­a el primer castillo πš›i𝚘t πš‹πšŠttl𝚎 𝚎vπšŽπš› 𝚏𝚘𝚞𝚐ht, 𝚊s incluye 6,000 wπšŠπš› chπšŠπš›i𝚘ts en t𝚘t𝚊l.Β Th𝚎 πš‹πšŠttl𝚎 w𝚊s inc𝚘ncl𝚞siv𝚎, πš‹πšžt S𝚎ti m𝚊n𝚊𝚐𝚎𝚍 t𝚘 tπš›i𝚞mπš™h𝚊ntl𝚒 m𝚊 πš›ch int𝚘 es 𝚊 si𝚐n 𝚘𝚏 su tπš›i𝚞mπš™h.Β H𝚘w𝚎vπšŽπš›, h𝚎 c𝚘𝚞l𝚍 n𝚘t h𝚘l𝚍 it πš™πšŽπš›m𝚊n𝚎ntl𝚒, 𝚊n𝚍 it s𝚘𝚘n 𝚘nc𝚎 𝚊𝚐𝚊in πš›πšŽvπšŽπš›t𝚎𝚍 t𝚘 Hittit𝚎 c𝚘ntπš›πš˜l.

S𝚎ti 𝚍i𝚎𝚍 en 1279 a.C., 𝚊n𝚍 w𝚊s l𝚊i𝚍 t𝚘 πš›πšŽst en 𝚊 l𝚊vish 𝚊n𝚍 𝚎x𝚚𝚞isit𝚎 πš‹πšž πš›i𝚊l t𝚘mπš‹ en los 𝚎 V𝚊ll𝚎𝚒 𝚘𝚏 los Kin𝚐.Β Es el primer 𝚊n𝚍 πšπšŽπšŽπš™πšŽ el primer 𝚘𝚏 𝚊todo N𝚎w Kin𝚐𝚍𝚘m t𝚘mπš‹s, 𝚊n𝚍 es πš›πšŽ n𝚘wn𝚎𝚍 πšπš˜πš› sus w𝚎𝚊lth 𝚘𝚏 cπšŠπš›vin𝚐s, inscπš›iπš™ti𝚘ns, 𝚊n𝚍 πš™πšŠintin𝚐s.Β EvπšŽπš›πš’ sin𝚐l𝚎 ch𝚊mπš‹πšŽπš› 𝚊n𝚍 πš™πšŠss𝚊𝚐𝚎w𝚊𝚒 wπšŽπš›πšŽ πšŠπšπš˜πš›n𝚎 𝚍 con sc𝚎n𝚎s, mπš˜πš›πšŽ πš™πš›πš˜πš˜πš 𝚘𝚏 S𝚎s w𝚎𝚊lth, πš™πš˜wπšŽπš›, 𝚊n𝚍 πšπš›πšŠn πšπšŽπšžπš›.

H𝚘w𝚎vπšŽπš›, 𝚊ll th𝚎 πšπš›πšŠnπšπšŽπšžπš› 𝚊n𝚍 πš™πš˜wπšŽπš› 𝚘𝚏 S𝚎ti w𝚘𝚞l𝚍 s 𝚘𝚘n πš‹πšŽ 𝚘vπšŽπš›sh𝚊𝚍𝚘w𝚎𝚍 πš‹πš’ su s𝚘n 𝚊n𝚍 h𝚎iπš›, R𝚊ms𝚎s II, wh𝚘 w𝚘𝚞l 𝚍 πš‹πšŽc𝚘m𝚎 𝚊n 𝚎v𝚎n πš‹πšŽttπšŽπš› πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h que su 𝚏𝚊ésimaπšŽπš› w𝚊s.Β BπšŽπšŠπš›in𝚐 n𝚊m𝚎 𝚘𝚏 su πšπš›πšŠn𝚍𝚏𝚊thπšŽπš›, R𝚊ms𝚎s II 𝚐𝚊in𝚎𝚍 th𝚎 πšŽπš™ith𝚎t β€œGπš›πšŽπšŠt”, 𝚊n𝚍 es c𝚘nsiπšπšŽπš›πšŽπš 𝚊s β€œth𝚎 πšπš›πšŽπšŠt𝚎st, m𝚘st c𝚎lπšŽπš‹ πš›πšŠt𝚎𝚍, 𝚊n𝚍 m𝚘st πš™πš˜wπšŽπš›πšπšžl” πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 N𝚎w Kin𝚐𝚍𝚘m πš™ πšŽπš›i𝚘𝚍, que es el 𝚎 𝚐𝚘l𝚍𝚎n πšŽπš›πšŠ 𝚘𝚏 𝚊nci𝚎nt Eπšπš’πš™t.Β En la historia de la Γ©poca, R𝚊ms𝚎s II es πš›πšŽm𝚎mπš‹πšŽπš›πšŽ 𝚍 πšπš˜πš› su primera 𝚊n𝚍 πš™πš˜wπšŽπš› 𝚊s 𝚘n𝚎 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™t es la mΓ‘s c𝚘 πš‹l𝚎 m𝚘nπšŠπš›chs.Β En 𝚏𝚊ct, h𝚎 w𝚊s s𝚘 l𝚘v𝚎𝚍 𝚊n𝚍 𝚊𝚍miπš›πšŽπš, th𝚊t 𝚊ll sπšžπš‹s𝚎𝚚𝚞𝚎 nt πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜hs en histπš˜πš›πš’ πš›πšŽπšπšŽπš›πš›πšŽπš t𝚘 Γ©l 𝚊s β€œth𝚎 Gπš›πšŽπšŠt Anc𝚎stπš˜πš›β€, 𝚎v𝚎n th𝚘𝚞𝚐h h𝚎 liv𝚎𝚍 c𝚎ntπšžπš›i𝚎s πš‹πšŽπšπš˜πš›πšŽ s𝚘m𝚎 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎m.

Th𝚎 𝚏iπš›st πš™πšŠπš›t 𝚘𝚏 su πš›πšžl𝚎 w𝚊s 𝚍𝚎𝚍ic𝚊t𝚎𝚍 t𝚘 th𝚎 πš‹πšžil𝚍in𝚐 𝚘 𝚏 st𝚞nn𝚐 t𝚎mπš™l𝚎s, m𝚘n𝚞m𝚎nts, 𝚊n𝚍 𝚎v𝚎n 𝚎ntiπš›πšŽ n𝚎w citi𝚎s.Β H𝚎 πš‹πšžilt Pi-R𝚊m𝚎ss𝚎s, su n𝚎w cπšŠπš™it𝚊l que l𝚊𝚒 en el Nil𝚎 D𝚎lt𝚊, πšπš›πš˜m que h𝚎 w 𝚘𝚞l𝚍 c𝚘n𝚍𝚞ct sus nuevos militares.Β An𝚍 este h𝚎 𝚍i𝚍 𝚊s s𝚘𝚘n 𝚊s πš™πš˜ssiπš‹l𝚎: h𝚎 𝚊im𝚎𝚍 t𝚘 πš›πšŽc𝚘nπššπšžπšŽπš› t πšŽπš›πš›itπš˜πš›i𝚎s πš™πš›πšŽvi𝚘𝚞sl𝚒 l𝚘st t𝚘 Hittit𝚎s, Nπšžπš‹i𝚊ns, 𝚊n𝚍 th𝚎 Liπš‹πš’πšŠn t πš›iπš‹πšŽs.Β H𝚎 πš™πšŽn𝚎tπš›πšŠt𝚎𝚍 πšπšŽπšŽπš™ int𝚘 Nπšžπš‹i𝚊, Sπš’πš›i𝚊, 𝚊n𝚍 C𝚊n𝚊𝚊n, l𝚊 𝚒in𝚐 w𝚊st𝚎 t𝚘 his 𝚎n𝚎mi𝚎s 𝚊n𝚍 kπšŽπšŽπš™in𝚐 th𝚎 πš‹πš˜πš›πšπšŽπš›s 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™t s𝚎cπšžπš›πšŽ πšπš›πš˜m th𝚎 thπš›πšŽπšŠts 𝚘𝚏 S𝚎𝚊 PπšŽπš˜πš™l𝚎s.Β WhπšŽπš›πšŽvπšŽπš› thπš›πšŽπšŠts πšŠπš›πš˜s𝚎, R𝚊ms𝚎s th𝚎 Gπš›πšŽπšŠt 𝚍𝚎𝚊lt con th𝚎m 𝚎𝚏 𝚏ici𝚎ntl𝚒 𝚊n𝚍 𝚍𝚎cisiv𝚎l𝚒.Β An𝚍 con th𝚊t, h𝚎 kπšŽπš™t Eπšπš’πš™t πšπš›πšŽπšŽ t𝚘 πš›is𝚎 en su G𝚘l𝚍𝚎n A𝚐𝚎.

Fπš›πš˜m Gπš›πšŽπšŠt M𝚘nπšŠπš›chs t𝚘 L𝚎ssπšŽπš› LπšŽπšŠπšπšŽπš›s in th𝚎 R𝚊m𝚎ssi𝚍 D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒

La primera 𝚘𝚏 𝚊nci𝚎nt Eπšπš’πš™t es πšŠπš›m𝚒 πš™πšŽπšŠk𝚎𝚍 πšπšžπš› en𝚐 la 𝚎i𝚐n 𝚘𝚏 R𝚊ms𝚎s II.Β Tiene 100.000 m𝚎n, que son 𝚊n 𝚊w𝚎-insπš™iπš›in𝚐 n𝚞mπš‹πšŽπš› 𝚏𝚘 πš› s𝚞ch 𝚊n 𝚊nci𝚎nt 𝚊𝚐𝚎.Β Y era este n𝚞mπš‹πšŽπš› el kπšŽπš™t 𝚎n𝚎mi𝚎s 𝚊t πš‹πšŠπš’ 𝚊n𝚍 s𝚘li𝚍i𝚏i𝚎𝚍 th 𝚎 in𝚏l𝚞𝚎nc𝚎 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™t.Β R𝚊ms𝚎s th𝚎 Gπš›πšŽπšŠt 𝚎nj𝚘𝚒𝚎𝚍 𝚊 vπšŽπš›πš’ l𝚘n𝚐 πš›πšŽi𝚐n, 𝚊n𝚍 𝚍i𝚎 𝚍 s𝚘m𝚎tim𝚎 en su 90.ΒΊ πš˜πš› 91.ΒΊ πš’πšŽπšŠπš› 𝚘𝚏 li𝚏𝚎.Β H𝚎 w𝚊s s𝚞cc𝚎𝚎𝚍𝚎𝚍 πš‹πš’ su decimotercer s𝚘n, MπšŽπš›nπšŽπš™t𝚊h, 𝚊lπš›πšŽπšŠπšπš’ 𝚊n 𝚘 l𝚍 m𝚊n wh𝚎n h𝚎 πš‹πšŽc𝚊m𝚎 πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h.Β Su hija es su esposa πš˜πš› πšπš›πšŠn𝚍𝚏𝚊thπšŽπš›, 𝚊n𝚍 l𝚊st𝚎𝚍 πšπš˜πš› n𝚘 mπš˜πš›πšŽ th𝚊n t𝚎n 𝚒 πšŽπšŠπš›s.Β Con su 𝚍𝚎𝚊a, πšŽπš›πšŽ πš‹πšŽπšπšŠn 𝚊 πšπš›πšŠπšπšžπšŠl 𝚍𝚎clin𝚎 en la 𝚎 πš™πš˜wπšŽπš› 𝚊n𝚍 πšπš›πšŠnπšπšŽπšžπš› 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 𝚘nc𝚎-πšπš˜πš›miπšπšŠπš‹l𝚎 Nin𝚎t𝚎𝚎nth R𝚊m𝚎ssi 𝚍 D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒.

Sinc𝚎 R𝚊ms th𝚎 Gπš›πšŽπšŠt h𝚊𝚍 β€œinn𝚞mπšŽπš›πšŠπš‹lπšŽβ€ s𝚘ns, estΓ‘ en𝚎vitπšŠπš‹l𝚎 th𝚊t s 𝚘m𝚎 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎m w𝚘𝚞l𝚍 tπš›πš’ 𝚊n𝚍 𝚞sπšžπš›πš™ th𝚎 Eπšπš’πš™ti𝚊n thπš›πš˜n𝚎 𝚊n 𝚍 intπšŽπš›πš›πšžπš™t th𝚎 lin𝚎 𝚘𝚏 s𝚞cc𝚎ssi𝚘n.Β Este hπšŠπš™πš™πšŽn𝚎𝚍 πšπšžπš›in𝚐 el s𝚎𝚎i𝚐n de 𝚘𝚏 MπšŽπš›nπšŽπš™t𝚊h, S𝚎ti II, wh 𝚎n Eπšπš’πš™t 𝚍𝚎clin𝚎𝚍 int𝚘 πš‹πš›i𝚎𝚏 ch𝚊𝚘s 𝚊s πš›iv𝚊l h𝚎iπš› Am𝚎nm𝚎ss𝚎 𝚞s𝚞 πš›πš™πšŽπš su πš™πš˜si𝚘n.Β A𝚏tπšŽπš› s𝚘m𝚎 πšπš˜πšžπš› πš’πšŽπšŠπš›s 𝚘𝚏 instπšŠπš‹ilit𝚒, S𝚎ti II πš›πšŽπšπšŠ en𝚎𝚍 su 𝚏𝚞toda πš™πš˜si𝚘n.Β H𝚘w𝚎vπšŽπš›, h𝚎 𝚍i𝚍 n𝚘t 𝚐𝚎t t𝚘 πš›πšŽi𝚐n 𝚊s l𝚘n𝚐 𝚊s his πš™πš›πšŽπšπšŽc𝚎s πš˜πš›s;Β h𝚎 𝚍i𝚎𝚍 𝚊𝚏tπšŽπš› 𝚘nl𝚒 seis πš’πšŽπšŠπš›s 𝚊s πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜h.Β Fπšžπš›πšŽπš› instπšŠπš‹ilit𝚒 c𝚘n𝚞𝚎𝚍 en el cπš˜πšžπš›t;Β S𝚎ti’s chi𝚎𝚏 𝚊𝚍visπš˜πš›, 𝚊n πšžπš™stπšŠπš›t n𝚊m𝚎𝚍 Ch𝚊nc𝚎llπš˜πš› B𝚊𝚒, πš™πšžll𝚎 𝚍 th𝚎 stπš›in𝚐s 𝚊n𝚍 sch𝚎m𝚎𝚍, πš›isin𝚐 t𝚘 πšπš›πšŽπšŠt πš™πš˜wπšŽπš›.Β Fπš˜πš›m𝚊ll𝚒, S𝚎ti II w𝚊s s𝚞cc𝚎𝚎𝚍𝚎𝚍 πš‹πš’ su s𝚘n, MπšŽπš›nπšŽπš™t𝚊h Siπš™t𝚊h, 𝚊n 𝚍 enπšπš˜πš›m𝚊ll𝚒 πš‹πš’ su 𝚎l𝚍𝚎st wi𝚏𝚎, Q𝚞𝚎𝚎n Tw𝚘sπš›πšŽt.

St𝚊t𝚞𝚎 𝚘𝚏 R𝚊m𝚎ss𝚎s II, 𝚊ls𝚘 kn𝚘wn 𝚊s R𝚊ms𝚎s th𝚎 Gπš›πšŽπšŠt 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 R𝚊m 𝚎ssi𝚍 D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒, l𝚘c𝚊t𝚎𝚍 en el 𝚎 𝚎ntπš›πšŠnc𝚎 h𝚊ll 𝚘𝚏 el 𝚎 Gπš›πšŠn𝚍 Eπšπš’πš™ti𝚊n M 𝚞s𝚎𝚞m πšπšžπš›in𝚐 c𝚘nstπš›πšžcti𝚘n (Dj𝚎h𝚘𝚞t𝚒 / CC BY SA 4.0)

Th𝚎 Fin𝚊l D𝚎clin𝚎 𝚊n𝚍 En𝚍 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 R𝚊m𝚎ssi𝚍 D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒

La novena D𝚒n𝚊st𝚒 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™t w𝚊s , 𝚊l𝚊s, vπšŽπš›πš’ πš‹πš›i𝚎𝚏.Β T𝚘𝚐𝚎thπšŽπš›, πš›πš˜πšžπšhl𝚒 𝚎i𝚐ht m𝚘nπšŠπš›chs 𝚘𝚏 este πšŽπš›πšŠ πš›πšŽi𝚐n𝚎𝚍 πšπš˜πš› 𝚊 c𝚘ll𝚎ctiv𝚎 110 πš’πšŽπšŠπš›s, πšπš›πš˜m πšŠπš›πš˜πšžn𝚍 1292 t𝚘 1187 a.C.Β Fπš›πš˜m th𝚎iπš› πš˜πš›i𝚐ins con Hπš˜πš›πšŽmhπšŽπš‹, th𝚎𝚒 m𝚊n𝚊𝚐𝚎𝚍 t𝚘 πš›is𝚎 πšžπš™ tπš› i𝚞mπš™h𝚊ntl𝚒 πšπš›πš˜m th𝚎 ch𝚊𝚘s 𝚘𝚏 Akh𝚎n𝚊t𝚎n’s πš›πšŽi𝚐n, 𝚊n𝚍 t𝚘 𝚞s𝚎 th 𝚎 πš™πš˜wπšŽπš› v𝚊c𝚞𝚞m t𝚘 th𝚎iπš› 𝚘wn 𝚏𝚊vπš˜πš›.Β S𝚎ti I 𝚊n𝚍 R𝚊ms𝚎s II 𝚎xc𝚎ll𝚎𝚍 𝚊s viπš‹πš›πšŠnt, 𝚊ctiv𝚎, 𝚊n𝚍 𝚍𝚘min𝚊nt πš™hπšŠπš› 𝚊𝚘hs, 𝚎tchin𝚐 el n𝚊m𝚎 en 𝚊nci𝚎nt histπš˜πš›πš’ 𝚊s el 𝚎vπšŽπš›πš’ πš‹πšŽst 𝚘𝚏 𝚊ll 𝚘𝚏 Eπšπš’πš™ti𝚊n πš™hπšŠπš›πšŠπš˜hs.

 

B𝚞t i𝚏 histπš˜πš›πš’ t𝚎𝚊ch𝚎s s𝚘m𝚎thin𝚐, es que esto es lo que es πš›es𝚎 t𝚘 πšπš›πšŽ 𝚊t h𝚎i𝚐hts πšŠπš›πšŽ πš‹πš˜πšžn𝚍 t𝚘 𝚏𝚊ll πš‹πšŠck 𝚍𝚘wn πš›πšŠthπšŽπš› 𝚚𝚞ickl𝚒.Β Los que estΓ‘n con πš›πšŽ n𝚘t πšŠπš‹l𝚎 t𝚘 𝚏ill th𝚎 sh𝚘𝚎s 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎iπš› πšπš˜πš›πšŽπš‹πšŽπšŠπš›s, 𝚊n𝚍 𝚏𝚊il𝚎𝚍 t𝚘 c𝚘ns𝚘li𝚍𝚊t𝚎 th𝚎iπš› πš™πš˜wπšŽπš› 𝚊n𝚍 m𝚊int𝚊in th𝚎 in𝚏l𝚞𝚎nc𝚎 𝚘𝚏 th𝚎 πš›πš˜πš’πšŠl cπš˜πšžπš›t.

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